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| 1850 |
| | | The British government buys the Danish fortresses on the Gold Coast, including Christiansborg castle in Accra | |
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| 1853 |
| | | David Livingstone makes a heroic six-month journey from the Zambezi river to the west coast of Africa | |
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| 1854 |
| | | William Baikie, on an expedition up the Niger, protects his men from malaria by administering quinine | |
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| 1861 |
| | | Lagos, on the coast of Nigeria, is annexed as a British colony when the royal family prove unable or unwilling to end the slave trade | |
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| 1862 |
| | | Richard Burton, visiting Dahomey, provides reports of the kingdom's celebrated Amazons preparing for war | |
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| 1874 |
| | | The southern region of present-day Ghana becomes a British colony, to be known as the Gold Coast | |
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| 1879 |
| | | George Goldie and British traders on the Niger form the United African Company (later the Royal Niger Company) to consolidate their interests | |
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| 1884 |
| | | Bismarck launches the colonial scramble for Africa by suddenly annexing three territories for Germany (Togo, Cameroon and Angria Pequena) | |
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| 1884 |
| | | Gustav Nachtigal arrives in Togo and persuades local chiefs to accept the protection of the German emperor | |
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| 1884 |
| | | Gustav Nachtigal, moving on to Cameroon, annexes this region too for the new German empire | |
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